The apostle's warning to the wavering Hebrews who were in danger of defecting from the truth of the gospel of Christ continues.
1. An earthly indication of God's judgment on apostasy v28. OT penalty for apostasy from the truth within the visible church and NT discipline and excommunication. (Deut 17:2-7; 13:5; 1 Cor 5:13; 2 Cor 2:6). Certain penalties inflicted in the OT for covenant breaking not merely for civil crime means that the OT penalties cannot be automatically carried forward as a blueprint for civil, judicial procedure in the NT dispensation. Treating the law given by Moses as purely civil and national undermines the continuity of the covenant, and that covenant relationship still extant in the NT (Heb 3&4) - The force of the apostle's argument seen in the light of this continuity.
2. The greater guilt and judgment of the NT apostate v29. The infliction of the death penalty in OT for apostasy evidenced great guilt before God, but the guilt is greater for those who reject the full and openly manifest gospel of Christ in the NT. The peculiar sins involved in this rejection highlighted. The real danger of despising the Spirit's work and influence.
3. The certainty of God's judgment v30. The Hebrews should know the certainty of God's threatening, that he will judge his enemies - all apostates being found among them.
4. The fearfulness of God's judgment v31. The Almighty God will display his power in the judgment of sinners. The same power evidenced in sinners' damnation is evidenced also in the salvation of all his elect people.
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